The expansion of cities worldwide has meant that many of these settlements are encroaching on the land around their respective airports. This urban sprawl must be carefully considered by those [...]

Overview The following article presents an overview of the guidance surrounding Obstacle Limitation Surfaces (OLS) for aerodromes in the UK and worldwide. The most common surface types will be listed, [...]

What is an Instrument Flight Procedure? An Instrument Flight Procedure (IFP) is a set of instructions regarding navigation around aerodromes. There are two basic types, one using precision instruments and [...]