Depending on the surface conditions reflections of light can be specular or diffuse. A specular reflection has a reflection characteristic similar to that of a mirror, whereas a diffuse reflection [...]

Glint and glare is an important planning consideration when reflections from developments could potentially impact the surrounding environment. However, it can be challenging to determine whether glint and glare should [...]

Schiphol Airport in Amsterdam is one of the world’s busiest airports [1]. It has six runways and processes tens of millions of passengers per year. Figure 1: Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. [...]

As solar energy continues to increase in prominence, so too does the policy framework surrounding this infrastructure. In this series of articles, we will discuss the guidance that is taking [...]

Veiling luminance is intense light energy coming from a light source which reduces visibility of other objects in the field of view. It is another way of measuring the perceived [...]

With the growing presence of solar PV developments, both on open land and upon rooftops, the co-existence of solar and airports in proximity to one another has become commonplace. In [...]

Understanding local planning policy and processes is paramount when conducting impact assessments to support planning applications. As part of our day-to-day, we need to be knowledgeable in this area to [...]

In the 3rd article in our series on the Baltic States, we take a look at a prominent high-speed rail  development called Rail Baltica and compare this to the UK’s [...]

You may remember briefly learning about refraction in physics at school – light moves more slowly in denser materials and therefore light appears to bend when it moves through glass [...]