When undertaking glint and glare assessments, it is often necessary to predict not only whether solar glare is geometrically possible, but also the glare intensity: how intense any instance of [...]

What are the Onward 2030 Work Packages? Onward 2030 has been founded to ensure that up to 20GW of new onshore wind, as set out in the Onshore Wind Sector [...]

There is currently 316 MW of operational onshore wind capacity in the UK which was commissioned more than 25 years ago (1), and a further 1,125 MW which was commissioned [...]

Electromagnetic waves perform an increasingly important function in our everyday lives. We have always relied upon the visible light part of the electromagnetic spectrum to look at what is in [...]

The expansion of cities worldwide has meant that many of these settlements are encroaching on the land around their respective airports. This urban sprawl must be carefully considered by those [...]

What is an Instrument Flight Procedure? An Instrument Flight Procedure (IFP) is a set of instructions regarding navigation around aerodromes. There are two basic types, one using precision instruments and [...]

The European Guidance Material on Managing Building Restricted Areas [1], referred to in short as ICAO Eur Doc 015, provides a methodology for determining whether proposed development is likely to [...]

Interference to Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance (CNS) equipment is a consideration when planning new developments near airports. It is of great importance to ensure that ground based equipment – which [...]

A new edition of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) state letter [1] was released earlier this year, with some changes made to the new obstacle limitation surfaces, expected in [...]

Development in the vicinity of an airport is restricted in part using invisible surfaces called Obstacle Limitation Surfaces (OLS) which slope upwards and outwards from it. The surfaces were first [...]