Developments of both wind turbines and other tall structures have the potential to interfere with communication infrastructure, this can constrain these projects, but could this concern one day be a [...]

Turbulence is a significant factor in aviation, affecting aircraft operations in various ways. Turbulence is caused by irregular motion of air resulting from eddies and vertical currents. Understanding the different [...]

In 2022, the International Energy Agency (IEA) identified the aviation sector as accounting for 2% of global carbon dioxide emissions, despite a significant fall from pre-pandemic aviation activity. [1]  In [...]

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has proposed new obstacle limitation surfaces (OLS) which are expected to be brought into force from November 2028. Following our March article, in which [...]

Aviation is a significant producer of greenhouse gas emissions, generating approximately 3.5% of total emissions in 2020, and has been steadily increasing over time [1]. As such, airports are seeking [...]

The first National Policy Statement (NPS) covered in this series is naturally the Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1). In this article, we will provide a general overview of [...]

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has proposed new obstacle limitation surfaces (OLS) which are expected to be brought into force from November 2028. Following our November article, in which [...]

On the 17th of January 2024, the latest energy National Policy Statements (NPS) came into force in England and Wales. It comes more than two years after the initial drafts [...]

On an artificial atoll created within the Osaka Bay lies Japan’s third airport, a feat of modern engineering which serves over 25 million passengers annually [1]. It boasts two runways, [...]

Located northeast of the Bavarian capital, Munich Airport is Germany’s second-largest airport (after Frankfurt, for anybody who is curious but doesn’t feel like googling it), coordinating 90 airlines operating across [...]